Toward Intentional Interviewing and Counseling - 1652 Words

Chapter 1 Toward Intentional Interviewing and Counseling INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS THE â€Å"CORRECT† RESPONSE TO OFFER A CLIENT? * There are many potentially useful responses in any interviewing situation. * Reflecting the client’s emotions can be helpful. * Selecting one aspect to focus on can be useful, and then later you can examine other dimensions by asking an open question. * Our tasks: * Respect the client * Use appropriate skills and strategies * Seek to alleviate stress INTERVIEWING, COUNSELING, AND PSYCHOTHERAPY * INTERVIEWING * The most basic process used for information gathering, problem solving, and psychosocial information giving. * Short term – only one or two sessions * Example:†¦show more content†¦* Development and growth are the aim of all that we do; change * Search for strengths and resources that will empower the client. * Relationship Story amp; strengths Goals Restory Action * As you listen to stories, simultaneously search for more complex, unsaid stories that may lie behind the initial narrative. BOX 1-1 (page 18) * The word â€Å"problem† implies difficulty and the necessity of eliminating or solving the problem. Problem may imply deficit. Not all problems can be solved. * Considering client issues as â€Å"problems† can get in the way of a positive relationship. The words â€Å"concern† or â€Å"issue† suggest something we all experience constantly. These words also suggest that we can deal with it (positive standpoint). * Terming a â€Å"problem† a challenge is a call to our strengths and an opening for change. * Help clients define their goals clearly and the positive assets they already have to resolve their issues. Then you can help them restory with a can do self-image. RELATIONSHIP STORY amp; STRENGTHS GOALS RESTORY ACTION * Narrative theory emphasizes storytelling and the generation of new meanings. * The concepts of narration, storytelling, and conversation are useful frameworks as we examine skills, strategy, and theory in interviewing, coaching, counseling, andShow MoreRelatedInterview Methods1551 Words   |  6 Pagesregarding his job switching. I requested him to take out some time from his busy schedule; surprisingly he happily agreed along with giving the permission to record the interview. In the following paragraphs, I will discuss in detail how I used the Interviewing methods in the interview session and how was my experience of conducting this first interview of my life. Attending Behavior Attending behavior is very important for conducting an effective interview. Attending behavior simply means to communicateRead MoreThe Client With Anxiety And Depressive Symptoms1377 Words   |  6 Pages The Client Case of Terry Elana Weinstein Counseling and Psychotherapy 12/11/14 Abstract: This paper evaluates a client with anxiety and depressive symptoms along with other major concerning issues. Using theoretical frameworks and specific counseling skills, can be powerfully effective to change a person’s thought process. This paper also describes how Cognitive Behavioral therapy (CBT) and specific micro skills will help this client. Rational-Emotive Behavioral (REBT) is also describedRead MoreModule Report : Developmental And Personality Psychology Essay1602 Words   |  7 Pagespertaining with speech or perception exist has been a focus of cognitive psychology for decades (2016, p. 1). Clinical Neuropsychology The word clinical in itself means that the focus of the specialty deals more with assessments, and treatment or counseling approaches in terms of the genre. Therefore clinical neuropsychology deals with assessing individuals for the basis of applying appropriate treatment interventions in relation to how one’s neurological makeup affects behavior (Kuther Morgan, 2012Read MoreCultural Identity1374 Words   |  6 PagesI used such access to network and build connections in order to increase my social status. I particularly connected with government agencies, such as Washington State law enforcement, state social worker, and state contractors. Intentional and Interviewing and Counseling provides great insight on social class: â€Å"European Americans tend to be unaware of the advantages they have because of the color of their skin. The idea of special privileges has been extended to include men, those of middle-or upper-classRead MoreCounseling Skills: A Personal Reflection2 481 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Running Head: COUNSELING SKILLS Counseling Skills Counseling is a process in which a person (client) expresses his problems and concerns with another person who is a professionally trained counselor and has ability to help the client. People visit counselors when they are suffering from pain due to problems (Nelson-Jones, 2005) and situations in which they find themselves helpless. Different experts have defined counseling in a different way but something common in all the definitions is the relationshipRead MoreStrategic Analysis : Strategic Human Resource Management Essay1426 Words   |  6 Pagesproposition would require coordinating seasoned employees with newer staff to be able to transfer some of the knowledge beforehand. Ongoing training programs that involves both sets of employees to promote cross-training could prove to be a proactive step towards retirement. These ideas would need to have systems in place that could be analyzed and evaluated for ongoing improvements. This could also create a further opportunity to exec ute more diversity within the organization. To implement diversity HRRead MoreAdolescence As A Young Age Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pagesbehaviors. According to World Health Organizations, â€Å"many adolescents face pressure to use alcohol, cigarettes, or other drugs and to initiate sexual relationships, sexual relationships, at earlier ages, and putting themselves at high risk for intentional and unintentional injuries†. Adolescent are very much different from adults and some are not capable of making adult decisions. Being under the influence at such a young age can result in these teens making life altering decisions. â€Å"SpecificallyRead MoreA Brief Note On Race And Gender, And The Family Medical Leave Act Essay1493 Words   |  6 Pagespromotion amongst employees. - IS YOUR COMPANY TRULY DIVERSE in your company does diversity only mean gender or race? as baby boomers age, their needs to be a shift in the workplace which means multigenerational and multi cultural. - RETHINK INTERVIEWING SKILLS some cultures may not be as comfortable â€Å"tooting their own horn† train recruiters to understand the cultural components of interviews - MEASURE RESULTS conduct regular assessments of issues like pay, benefits, and promotional Read MoreThe Range of Client Problems and the Helping Skills Used with Clients1622 Words   |  7 Pagesprofessionals can use as guidelines to reassure clients they are actively involved, both physically and mentally. These behaviors are easy to remember with the help of the acronym SOLER. S Face the client Squarely O Adopt an Open posture L Lean toward the other person E Maintain good Eye contact R Try to be relatively Relaxed (p. 134-135) Attending behavior. The professional can also prove they are engaged in responsive listening through attending behavior. Attending behavior is implementedRead MoreGroup Counseling Reflection Paper4779 Words   |  20 PagesGraduate Studies in Counseling Reflection CPY 540 Paladino: Advanced Theory and Practice of Group Counseling As I reflect upon my experience as a group leader in this class, I learned that therapeutic factors can be group driven or facilitated by the group leader. Cohesion stood as a vital aspect of an effective group, and I realized that as a group leader I needed not only to facilitate the group but to remain as a vital part of the group to assure cohesion. By subsisting as an effective group

Too Big To Fail †Andrew Sorkin, Book Review Free Essays

Too Big to Fail is the book that has most clear explanation event by event about the biggest financial crisis since the Great Depression. Even though Too Big to Fail is Andrew Sorkin’s first book, he made it possible to most of readers understand what really happened in 2008 with the failure of Lehman Brothers and the resulting misfortunes. Coming out in less than a year after the disaster, the book covered the whole catastrophic event, thanks to the meticulous research and countless interviews (made by the author) with those involved in the hassle. We will write a custom essay sample on Too Big To Fail – Andrew Sorkin, Book Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now The title of this book basically covers what is spoken throughout the course of the story; companies that believed to be Too Big to Fail. Sorkin starts writing about the months after the sale of Bearn Stearns that was a global investment bank and securities trading and brokerage sold in 2008 to JP Morgan Chase at the low price of 2$ per share then introducing us to the collapse of the Lehman Brothers and finally leading us to the bailout or how the government officially call it; TARP or Troubled Asset Relief Program, a program that was announced on 9-19-08 by Secy Paulson that basically consisted in a series of grants and outright purchases of illiquid assets that would extricate the problem areas weighing down the economy. In addition, money funds were to be guaranteed. The details that make the history so interesting are the detailed information provided by the book of the behavior, personality and way to make decisions of the main characters. Sorkin focus seems to be almost exclusively on the human failings and human suffering on Wall Street that the fall of Lehman Brothers caused. In the story there are no specific villains but plenty of arrogant, blind and irresponsible decisions taken by some. However there are some people such as Henry Paulson, Timothy Geitner and Ben Bernake that may be considered heroes for their wise way to make decisions on pressure moments. The book would be a handy guide to people who want a clear and concise picture of the series of decisions that led Lehman Brothers directly go to bankrupt and of course the resulting chaos that this situation meant to Wall Street and the rest of the world. The book pleased me personally because it was very realistic in all it was the attitude of each character on the problem itself. I liked how in some cases it became reflected how the main U. S. business leaders were unable to conceal their greed when it came defending their interests. How to cite Too Big To Fail – Andrew Sorkin, Book Review, Papers

The Formation of The United Nations Regional Organizations

Question: Describe about The Formation of The United Nations for Regional Organizations. Answer: The Formation of the United Nations Among several memorable episodes of the 20th century, the formation of the United Nations was one of the most important events that changed the course of history for the world. For the modern world of today, the United Nations is an embodiment of world peace and hope. United Nations serves as the platform for international security, global cooperation, discussions and dialogues and an avenue to give response to the security threats with collective measures. Up keeping of peace, international justice, growth in global economy, maintains of human rights and over all development of the human race of the entire world are some of the objectives of the United Nations. Around the world it takes global peacekeeping missions to fulfill the desired aim of global peace. After the devastations brought in the world by the two world wars and failure of the ineffective international bodies like the League of Nations, in 1945 the United Nations was founded to rectify the human follies and to bring s ome respite to the wounded mankind. At the end of the World War II, on 24th October 1945 was formed so that the world does not see such wars again (Weiss, 2011). The United Nations Organization has the objective to establish a synergy between different nations. Till now, it has been able to achieve its goals and objectives. However, there is a scope of improvement and there is certainly more that could be added to the roles and responsibilities of UNO. The history behind the formation of the United Nations is as remarkable as the role it has played until now and the visions it has for the future of our world. United Nations was formed on the basis of several prior alliances, which came before it to serve the common global purposes. At several times in history such international treaties have been made to deal with the current crisis or to come up with stringency plans for a situation. However, United Nations was formed with the vision of an ongoing international body that would come forward to deal with any crisis faced by the world-. The concept of this intergovernmental body was founded on the 17th century unit of the State, whose records are found in the history where many European countries came together in 1648 to end the Hundred Years War by the Treaty of Westphalia (Ginsburg, 2010). When the formation of statehoods started the Sates used the means of bilateral diplomacy as a mean to communicate with each other in case of any conflicts. This procedure saw a major change by the 19th century, when the multidimensional conferences on huge scales became new trend for the purpose of setting grounds for dialogue among Sates. In order to respond to the vast destructions caused by the Napoleonic Wars, four historically important conferences that happened in the period from 1815 to 1822. The Congress of Vienna was first such conference, which aimed to establish peace by the way of agreement among parties to stop violent events in the future. In the 19th century the conferences played major role in achieving the common international purposes (Nicolson, 2000). The Concert of Europe was one such example where the leaders of various European Nations came together around 30 times in more than one hundred years to solve serious international issues (Elrod, 1976). The major focus of this conference was security while at the same time River commissions emerged with an objective of controlling river navigation on the Danube and Rhine rivers. Likewise, the Universal Postal Union and the International Telegraphic Union were formed to take care of the growing request for intercommunication. With more people migrating and mingling because of increased trading, the spread of diseases such as cholera became major world concern. This issue commissioned six international conferences during the period of 1851 and 1903. The years 1899 and 1907 saw two major global conferences at The Hague, Netherlands for the purpose of peace. These confer ences saw involvement of non-European nations for the first time and also broke the dominion of strong nations making everyone equal and reducing significance of the great power nomenclature which began with the Concert. Although these historical conferences were not able to formalize a permanent organization, nevertheless they play important role in putting the foundation for recognized multidimensional discussion procedure. This was main motivation, which saw the creation of the Permanent Court of International Justice and the League of Nations subsequent of the Great War. While analyzing the formation of the United Nations, the formation of the League of Nations cannot be overlooked. With the World War I, the Concert of Europe came to an end. Though the end of the War saw beginning of two concepts, which gave birth to the League of Nations. The League of Nations combined the Concerts status of great authority supervisory commission and The Hagues concept of egalitarian universality. Soon the Council of League emerged as the executive committee, which granted perpetual positions to five major powers. The Assembly and Council, replicating the egalitarian model of The Hague perception, allowed identical voting privileges to every League member. The formation of League not merely amalgamated the two previous philosophies but further additional level was included by way of founding a perpetual Secretariat and planning systematic periodic assemblies to promote institutionalization of the collaboration, which was originated by precursors like the conferences , river commissions, and public unions. But, the League trial met several grave hindrances and the World War II made it completely redundant (Goodrich, 1947). During the years of the World War II, the people who still had faith in the idea brought in by the League were the President of the United States Franklin Roosevelt and the Secretary of State Cordell Hull. In this wartime Roosevelt coached his State Department workforce to reconstruct an outline grounded on the principles of the League. However, Roosevelt wanted this new organization to not merely give dialogues and consultation but also have teeth or the enforcement powers so that it can effectively stop violence. There was need of new organizational strategies to incorporate the executive council, plenary assembly along with the new concept of enforcement powers. The idea of this wartime alliance was picked by Roosevelt from the example of wartime association of great powers of Britain, China, the Soviet Union, and the US. The October 1943, the Moscow Declaration set the foundation stone where Roosevelt and Hull prudently arranged an arrangement amongst the foreign ministers of four to countries to ensure persistent assistance from them in the wartime. This was proposed to be accomplished by formation of an association whose main goal was preservation of global peace. This was an important move since these four major powers were looked forward to provide the military force to the organization to develop its enforcement powers. Also, concord of the complete Council was to be evaded. It was necessary that the decisions of the Council were obligatory on all the organization members in order to guarantee the firmness of the enforcement warning. The role of the United States was central in taking the initiation for formation of this new envisioned organization. The democratic characteristics of the US influenced the development of the theoretical evolution fundamental to the structure and phrasing of the Charter. Despite being the forerunner the membership of the United States was dependent on the approval of the Senate, therefore Roosevelt worked on to convey to the Senate through dialogues in a special committee which was led by Democratic Senator Tom Connally and Republican Senator Arthur Vandenberg so that he gets required support for his plan of a multidimensional perpetual organization. Roosevelt not only wooed the two political parties of America but also convinced his people along with coordinating his proposal on a worldwide platform with the key supremacies. Roosevelt called Dumbarton Oaks meeting for major world powers, after completion of initial planning for the new global organization (Hilderbrand, 2001). Following this meeting another was held after a few months at Yalta to resolve the matters left uncompleted at the Dumbarton Oaks meeting. In Yalta the level of heads of State, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met beginning February 4 to February 11, 1945. The word peace loving nations was given definition at the Yalta as those countries, which by March 1, 1945 affirmed war on the Axis powers. The question of membership was fundamentally fixed along with other matters were the veto, trusteeship and the capability of the General Assembly which were resolved at Yalta (Rusell, 1958). Further amendments were completed in the Dumbarton Oaks proposal subsequent to the Yalta meetings. This corrected manuscript was then circulated to the countries that were requested to meet in San Francisco in order to write the final Charter. Though, in February and March, the Latin Americans held the Inter-American Conference on the Problems of Peace and War, preliminary meeting in Chapultepec, Mexico. They came up with demands of for a sturdier General Assembly, universality of membership, and guaranteed representation for Latin America on the Security Council (Arend, 1996). UNO is often accused that the formation of UNO is just a hygiene step that the developed nations like USA has taken. In fact, the formulation of UNO was dependent on the inputs of developed nations. Finally, at the Conference at San Francisco the structure and language of the Charter for the new organization was settled. The name the United Nations was given to denote the united stand of the countries against the Axis powers. Along with the prime role of the United Nations as the organization to maintain global peace other issues that reached consensus in this meeting were membership in the organization, trusteeship, capability of the General Assembly and Security Council, the character of the Security Council and the authority of its members, use of the veto, the role of the Secretary-General and the outline for the use of power by the United Nations. 50 members then signed this Charter of the United Nations on June 26, 1945 at San Francisco and later Poland. Thus the total of initial members of the United Nations were 51. Ratification of the charter was individually done by all the nations and finally the United States Senate approved the Charter by vote of 89 to 2, on July 28, 1945. Truman ratified the final Charter by signing the ratification act. A majority of the initial fifty-one signatories was reached by October 24th, 1945, thus making October 24th as the birthday of the United Nations. By 27th December it was ratified by all initial members (The founding of the United Nations international cooperation as an evolutionary process, no date). Which began with merely 51 member states, today the United Nations has 193 strong members. United Nations has its headquarters in Manhattan, New York City with major offices located in Nairobi, Geneva and Vienna. The member states of the association sponsor it by voluntary and assessed aids. Along with its primary purposes of embracing the need of upholding global peace and security it works in direction to encourage human rights, protect the environment, nurture social and economic growth and provide humanitarian support in cases of natural disaster like floods, famine or situation of armed battles. The beacon of the world peace and progress of mankind is in the hands of United States. It is expected that there would be more changes in the structure of the United Nations with the change in the world economy. With the above discussion it can be said that the United Nations has had few major and tangible impacts on the developed and developing nations. One of the positive impacts of the formation of UN is the improvement of political conditions across the world. The United Nations has provided a platform where different nations can interact and solve the issues politically and this has ultimately reduced the chances of wars between the nations. For example, United Nations has a key role to act as intermediary where India and Pakistan can talk and resolve the Kashmir issue. The formation of United Nations also had positive impact on the social attributes and society at large. With the establishment of United Nations, governments of different nations have been successful to create a platform where the bridge between the rich and poor could be reduced. In the 20th century the role of UNO has changed and likewise the impact of UN has also changed. For example, today, the UN has an important role to play in the climatic conditions. By the middle of the 20th century, it was becoming clear that human action had significantly increased the production of these gases, and the process of global warming was accelerating. The common man and the society looks at the UN to establish a platform where different nations can have a similar energy and climate policy. It is expected that UN would have a framework in place that would foster sustainable development across various geographies and it would ultimately have a positive impact on society. It can be said that the United Nations is at the forefront to save the planet. The organization has conducted various international summits to ensure that the problem of climate change and global warming could be minimized. The United Nations has been acting as the central bridge for the communication acro ss different nations. This has eventually, increased the collective productivity of nations to fight with the issue of global warming, climate change and sustainable development and these issues are required to be resolved so that the society at large could be benefited. Five research questions: How has United Nations bridged the social gap between the nations? What is the role of United Nations to resolve the global political conditions? Does UNO have a role to manage the global economic crises? How can government of different nations use UNO as a platform to bring social justice? How is the role of UNO different for developed nations and developing nations? References Arend, A.C., 1996. United Nations, Regional Organizations, and Military Operations: The Past and the Present, The. Duke J. Comp. Int'l L., 7, p.3. Elrod, R.B., 1976. The concert of Europe: A fresh look at an international system. World Politics, 28(02), pp.159-174. Ginsburg, T., 2010. Eastphalia as the Perfection of Westphalia. Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, 17(1), pp.27-45. Goodrich, L.M., 1947. From League of Nations to United Nations. International Organization, 1(01), pp.3-21. Hilderbrand, R.C., 2001. Dumbarton Oaks: the origins of the United Nations and the search for postwar security. UNC Press Books. Nicolson, H., 2000. The Congress of Vienna: a study in allied unity, 1812-1822. Grove Press. Rusell, R.B., 1958. A History of the United Nations Charter: The Role of the United Staes, 1940-1945. Washington: Brookings Institution [1958]. The founding of the United Nations international cooperation as an evolutionary process (no date) Available at: https://acuns.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/The_Founding_of_the_United_Nations_-_International_Cooperation_as_an_Evolutionary_Process.pdf (Accessed: 29 July 2016). Weiss, T.G., 2011. United Nations and changing world politics. ReadHowYouWant. com.

Outline and Asses the Feminist Explanations of Gender Inequalities free essay sample

Outline and asses the feminist explanations of gender inequalities (40) Feminists believe that women are unequal to men, and the different groups think it is down to different reasons. Liberal feminists think it is because it is down to gender role socialisation. Marxist feminists believe it is down to capitalism. Radical feminists think women are not equal to men because of relationships within the home, and black feminist think they are unequal not just because they are women, but also because of their skin colour. All groups of feminists also believe that women are subordinated due to patriarchy, (the idea that males are dominant). Firstly, liberal feminists, such as Ann Oakley argue that gender role socialisation is responsible for sexual division of labour. Girls and boys are socialised in different ways. For example girls are encouraged to take on caring roles, which could lead to them having jobs such as nurses in the future. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline and Asses the Feminist Explanations of Gender Inequalities or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3 agents of socialisation- the family, the school and the media have an influence on the way boys and girls are socialised. For example, in the home there is manipulation and canalisation. Manipulation is when boys and girls are encouraged to play with gender specific toys. Canalisation is when specific behaviour is encouraged or discouraged. For example if a boy falls over and hurts himself, he is encouraged not to cry and to act in a brave way. On the other hand, if the same thing happened to a girl, she would be given more sympathy. Ann Oakley argues that there is still an expectation for women to take on the housewife/mother role. Because of this, it is more difficult for women to pursue careers as men do. Oakley also claims that employers expect women to play the role of housewife rather than pursue a career. This patriarchal ideology is justified by men through claims that women are more suited to caring roles because of their maternal instinct. However, recently some liberal feminists such as Sue Sharpe have been more optimistic. She has said that not all women take on caring roles because of their socialisation. They may react against their socialisation, or pursue a career. Secondly, liberal feminism has been criticised because it tends to assume that all women accept their gender identities in a passive way. Liberal feminism also does not take race or class into consideration. Marxist feminists believe womens subordination is down to the influence of capitalism. Women are seen as a reserve army of labour. Companies only hire hem when they really need them, and they do less important jobs than men, making them more disposable. Women change jobs more frequently than men, so are more vulnerable at times of redundancy, they tend to be less skilled, and capitalist ideologies locate women in the home. The reserve army of labour theory has been criticised as it fails to explain why there are womens jobs and mens jobs. It is se ems to overlook the fact that patriarchy can be influential by itself. The Marxist feminists seem to imply that once capitalism is abolished, gender inequality will disappear, which might not actually be the case. On the other hand, Radical feminists, such as Elizabeth Stanko argue that womens inequality begins in the home, and then extends outwards in the rest of society. If a women is unequal in a relationship with her husband at home, then she is unequal to other men in wider society, e. g. in the government and the media. Radical feminists focus on power relationships between men and women in private. They claim that men exploit and control women within the home. They also claim that when the patriarchy ideology fails, (when women do not dress and act as they are told to) then men resort to domestic violence in order to control them. Therefore, it is not capitalism that controls and exploits women; it is men themselves within the home. Women are disadvantaged in the labour market because within the home they are forced by men to be housewives and mothers. However, Radical feminism has been criticised by Marxist feminist for focusing on just one source of gender inequality; the home. They dont take into account the fact that capitalism could be contributing to women being disadvantaged in terms of employment. Radical feminists have also been accused of being ethnocentric; i. . they assume patriarchy is the same in all societies and cultures. However this may not be the case if you for example look at patriarchy in Asian cultures and white cultures, it might be quite different. Black Feminism essentially argues that sexism and racism are inextricable from one another. Forms of feminism that strive to overcome sexism and class oppression but ignore or minimize race can perpetuate racism and thereby contribute to the oppression of many people, including women. Black feminists argue that the liberation of Black women entails freedom for all people, since it would require the end of racism, sexism, and class oppression. In conclusion, all feminist theories agree that we live in a patriarchal society. However the reason we live in a patriarchal society is commonly argued amongst feminists each believing that a different ting caused it. All the reasons are well backed up theories and all have been criticised, It could be said that all are correct and it is not just one of these reasons cause patriarchy but the combination of all of them.

Men; Useless After Procreation essays

Men; Useless After Procreation essays In the inquisitive eyes of society the womans daily life has dramatically changed. Their role has morphed into an almost independent lifestyle. From liberation to suffrage, ladies have molded the lives of our future generations, and changed the worlds views of art and politics. The current status quo is unstable for the feminine being, there are feminist extremists, and in the same way there are some who believe that complete submission is the only way a woman should behave. Religion plays a large part in the life of a particular female. Of course the life one female leads can and is completely different than the life of another. Especially in the twenty first century where women work longer hours and sometimes make more money than their husbands, if they are married. Marriage is not as common as it was fifty years ago. In the primitive church females played a distinctive role. Early Christianity has been quite debated in the recent gender arguments. In a letter Paul wrote he greets women and calls them co-workers in meaning equals. Paul is even documented as referring to women of the church with a Greek term which translated means deaconess. We learned from Pauls writings in Acts that women also owned the houses in which early Christians met. Therefore women held the first church services, and were key in the spreading ministry of Christianity (Clark 2). Paul also welcomed women into the churchs activities and many had prominent parts. Hence it would be later in time before women were seen as more than a mother and keeper of the home. Females were, in biblical times, to dress in a certain attire. They were not to wear mens clothing, even as work clothes. It was not all considered compulsatory for women to wear veils. They were then and are still expected to be submissive in the church and at home. A literary example of a wifes submission is Arthur Millers L...

Is medical coding the career for you

Is medical coding the career for you Are you on the hunt for a new career in a growing industry? If so, then consider medical coding. This rewarding field can offer a wide variety of potential opportunities for employment and can be a satisfying profession for those with the right skills, mindset, and aptitude. Plus, it’s a career on the rise- according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, it’s slated to grow faster than average through the next eight years. Let’s learn more about what it’s like to be a medical coder and how you can get started.According to the AAPC website, â€Å"Medical coding is the transformation of healthcare diagnosis, procedures, medical services, and equipment into universal medical alphanumeric codes. The diagnoses and procedure codes are taken from medical record documentation, such as transcription of physician’s notes, laboratory and radiologic results, etc.†Basically, medical coders oversee all the codes that are used during the often-complex medical billing process. This is no simple task: qualified coders should have a thorough knowledge of anatomy and medical terminology and be familiar with several different coding systems (including CPT ®, HCPCS Level II, and ICD-10-CM). On top of that, coders should know which codes are accepted by which insurance plans and how to be compliant while coding.The first steps toward becoming a medical coder include ensuring that you meet the educational requirements to secure a position in the field, which can vary depending on the field, discipline, and work environment you choose to pursue.According to the AAPC, the medical coding professionals should obtain the Certified Professional Coder (CPC ®) credential. While earning a bachelor’s degree or master’s degree can strengthen a medical coder’s career, it’s not a set requirement. What is necessary is to have a solid foundation of anatomy, physiology, and medical terminology, which you will learn and master thr ough earning the CPC ® credential. â€Å"It’s recommended for serious coders to complete a medical coding course of study and pass an exam to designate him or her as a CPC ®. Employers know CPCs ® are individuals who can perform medical coding tasks with the utmost proficiency and excellence,† according to the official site.So, what would a typical day as a medical coder look like? You’d likely be working in the billing office in a focused healthcare setting, which can range from a hospital to a therapeutic or treatment center, doctor’s office, outpatient facility, nursing home, or similar facility, and will be coding patient files- an essential task in the field- to ensure appropriate and accurate billing. In sum, your coding will help document each patient’s treatment process from beginning to end, in an effort to secure reimbursement for all services rendered during each visit.Still interested in pursuing a career as a medical coder? If so , then consider the helpful information provided here as your launching pad to help you plan your first steps on this exciting career journey. You can build on this information with the wealth of resources and information available online, and before long you’ll be well on your way to achieving your goal.

CROSS CULTURAL MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

CROSS CULTURAL MANAGEMENT - Essay Example In this paper macro level facts of France would be evaluated, the business culture in France would be analysed, the challenges that the manager might face would be identified and probable recommendation would be put forward, so that the assignment turns out to be successful for the company. Macro level facts about Paris, France France is considered as one of the most contemporary countries of the world. It has a very influential role in United Nation Organisation. It is the largest country in Western Europe and has the 9th largest economy in Europe (CIA, 2013). Paris is the capital of France, which is situated in the north of France. It has a typical oceanic climate, which is mainly because of the influence of North Atlantic current. As far as the overall climate of the city is concern, it is moderately wet and mild throughout the year. In summer, the days are usually pleasant and warm, while winters are freezing. It rains throughout the year in Paris. The city is managed by the muni cipality and the since 1834, apart from the government and other governing bodies. The population of Paris in 2010 was around 2.25 million, which obviously has increase by now (CIA, 2013). The wages are quite high in Paris and media income in the city in 2011 was approximately â‚ ¬25,000, which signifies that the standard of living of Paris is comparatively high. The higher income people are mostly found in the western part of the city. Paris is considered to be one of the economic centres and the wealthiest area of the country. The GDP of the country is $2.609 trillion in 2012. Majority of national income of the country is generated by the service sector (79.2 percent). The currency of France is Euro and CFP Franc (CIA, 2013). Majority of people are French, but other ethnic groups such as North African, Latin, Indochinese, East Indian, Chinese, Amerindian, etc are also seen in France. French is the official language and spoken throughout the country. The population of the countr y on 2013, 65,951,611, in which majority of the population, that is around 38.9 percent are between of age of 25 to 54 years (CIA, 2013). Value Description – Hofstede Model In this segment, the French culture would be discussed with the help of Hofstede model, which will provide a view of the drivers of French culture. In addition to this, the Chinese culture would be simultaneously examined, so that a comparative analysis can be portrayed. The five elements of Hofstede model are: a) power distance, b) individualism, c) uncertainty avoidance, d) long term orientation and e) masculinity/ femininity. Figure 1: Hofstede Model: Comparison between France and China Source: (The Hofstede Centre, n. d.). Power distance: Both France and China has a high power distance score, which signifies that in both societies inequality is accepted. However, in China the inequality in the society is higher as the score is 80 in comparison to France, whose score is 68. So the superiors have the pri viledge, which in many cases are inaccessible for the inferior strata of the society. Individualism: The individualism score of France is 71, which means French prefer private and individual opinion and are more interested in taking care of themselves before their family. Individual recognition at

JB HIFI LTD BALANCE SHEET AS AT JUNE 2009 Essay

JB HIFI LTD BALANCE SHEET AS AT JUNE 2009 - Essay Example These analysis form an integral part of the financial statement analysis, especially from the investors point of view, who always strive to invest in countries having strengthen and stabilizing financial ratios and representing an upward trend. It is of great significance that the ratios must be benchmarked against a standard in order for them to possess a meaning. Keeping that into account, the comparison is usually conducted between companies portraying same business and financial risks, between industries and between different time periods of the same company. The company under consideration is JB Hi Fi Limited and in this report analysis of the financial performance of the company for the financial year 2009 with the financial year 2010 has been conducted in order to draw attention to various financial trends and significant changes over the period. The analysis is divided into three main categorize namely Profitability, Liquidity and Gearing. Profitability ratios identify how ef ficiently and effectively a company is utilizing its resources and how successful it has been in generating a desired rate of return for its shareholders and investors. Liquidity ratios measure the ability of the company to quickly convert its asset into liquid cash to settle its short term liabilities. Whereas, the Gearing ratios identifies the extent to which the company is financed through debt and to what degree the operations are being conducted from the finance raised through raising equity capital or otherwise. Financial Analysis JB Hi Fi Limited is regarded as one of the prominent when it comes to selling home appliances. The company is involved in selling plazmas, computer and tablets and several other digital home entertainment appliances. It holds a considerable market share and manages its operations through a well established supply chain. The company represents sound financial outcome as its turnover has increased by 27% during the financial year 2009 as compared to th e prior financial year, boosting the net profit by a massive 39%. The company’s reserves have also increased during the current financial year which shows that its investors are considering the company lucrative and are planning to have a long term association with it. Profitability Ratios    2009 2008    Profitability Ratios Gross profit margin 21.51% 21.86% Net profit margin 6.17% 5.65% ROCE 41.19% 39.71% Gross profit margin is an analyzing tool which assists in identifying how effectively and efficiently the company is utilizing its raw materials, variable cost related to labor and fixed costs such as rent and depreciation of property plant and equipment. The ratio is calculated by dividing the sales revenue by the gross profit. Analyzing the trend of gross profit margin, in the financial year 2009 the gross profit margin has marginally decreased as compared to the financial year 2008. Although the sales in the year 2009 increased by $498.702 million, but this was offs et by an increase of $ 397.802 million in the cost of sales. Net profit margin, on the other hand analyzes the profitability of the company before deducting the taxation and finance charges from the earnings. The ratio is calculated by dividing the profit before interest and tax with the sales revenue of the current finan

Outline the arguments about the reliability Essay Example for Free

Outline the arguments about the reliability Essay Outline the arguments about the reliability of documentaries as ways of representing reality. Illustrate with reference to a range of documentary material. Documentaries aim to show information in a way that is most believable to a viewer. Realism is extremely important to a documentary and is often shown by; an authoritative presenter, the use of voice-over commentaries, recorded interviews, visual evidence via location shots or archive film, hand-held cameras and limited used of special effects. It is argued that documentaries are like plays, novels and poems the are fictional in form and have no measurable social ability whereas others argue that documentaries are the only type of genre that can really capture the spontaneity and immediacy of real life. As most viewers see a documentary as a serious programme, normally tackling a serious issue, they assume the programme will be factual and informative and this gives it certain credibility. Documentaries can appeal to a range of different audiences, as most of them are about certain topics. For example wildlife programmes would appeal to anyone with an interest in animals yet other under-cover documentaries such as The Whistle Blower can appeal to anyone who would watch documentaries. Most documentaries would require both an active and passive audience, this is because programmes such as The Whistle Blower would interest people who want to help sort out the security problems at the airport, yet other people would also watch it and not be able to do anything about it, although I think it would make them re-think about making a journey from that airport. With documentaries there are some limitations to assuming that what we see is actually real life this is because when documentaries are using like video diaries or surveillance cameras the participants can sometimes be aware of this and can act differently to how they would normally act if they didnt know the cameras were there, they could also show some biased opinions or exaggerate their actions, subconsciously or not. This suggests that documentaries with hidden/secret cameras may have more credibility as being real. This technique is shown in The Secret Policeman when they are trying to expose the way in which racism is dealt with in the police force. This document can be seen as biased as they are only really concentration on one side of the argument, they are telling viewers right from the start about police officers being suspended for racism and they are setting out to catch officers being racist, this gives the viewers a ready-made conclusion in their heads that they police force definitely are racist. This documentary does, however, represent reality to some extent because they use secret footage of the police officers and have filmed them talking in real-life locations such as pubs, clubs, in the street and whilst travelling in a car, which shows a normal world. Although many documentaries do portray certain features that question their representation of reality, other documentaries are clearly focused on showing things as close to the truth as possible. Feature documentaries such as one on animals and wildlife for example are well researched and their main aim is to simply inform the audiences rather that try to influence them in any way. Even though most documentaries try to portray as close to the truth as possible other motives behind the documentaries could suggest that they arent, in fact as reliable or close to reality as they could be.

Huckleberry Finn :: essays research papers

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is often considered to be Twain's masterpiece. It combined his raw humor with startlingly mature material to create a novel that directly attacked many of the traditions the South held dear. Huckleberry Finn is the main character, and it is through his eyes that the South is revealed and judged. His companion, a runaway slave named Jim, provides Huck with friendship and protection during their journey along the Mississippi. The novel begins with Huck himself writing the story. He briefly describes what has happened to him since The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. After Huck and Tom discovered twelve thousand dollars in treasure, Judge Thatcher invested the money for them. Huck was adopted by the Widow Douglas and Miss Watson, both of whom took pains to raise him properly. Dissatisfied with his new life, Huck runs away. Tom Sawyer manages to bring Huck back by promising to start a band of robbers. All the young boys in town join Tom's band, and they use a hidden cave as their hideout. However, many of them soon become bored with the make-believe battles and so the band falls apart. Soon thereafter Huck sees footprints in the snow which he recognizes as his Pa's. Huck realizes that Pa has returned to claim his money, and so he quickly runs to Judge Thatcher and "sells" his share of the money for a "consideration" of a dollar. Pa catches Huck and makes him hand over the dollar, and threatens to beat Huck if he ever goes to school again. Judge Thatcher and the Widow try to gain court custody of Huck, but a new judge in town refuses to separate Huck from Pa. Soon thereafter, Pa steals Huck away from the Widow's house and takes him to a log cabin. Huck says that he enjoys the life at first, but he soon decides to escape after Pa starts to frequently beat him. Soon thereafter Pa returns to the town and Huck seizes the chance to escape. He saws his way out of the log cabin, kills a pig and spreads the blood as if it were his own, and then takes a canoe and floats downstream to Jackson's Island. Once there he sets up camp and hides out. A few days later Huck stumbles onto a still smoldering campfire on the island. He is frightened but decides to discover who the other person is.

Joyriders – Creative Writing

I had just died by getting trapped and then squeezed to death as the walls closed in on me playing `Tomb Raider Three'. In addition, I had successfully reached the final stage, when I died and then remembered that I had forgotten to save the last stage after being on the computer for hours upon end. At this point, I was agitated and really annoyed when I heard, â€Å"Ah, shut it you over drunk sod! † my parents were at each others' throats again. â€Å"If I were to have a death wish it would be to kill you in such a way that your entrails would ooze out slowly†¦ † replied my disturbingly vexed father. After hearing months of non-stop controversy, I knew that there was only one thing left to say. Moreover, I was meditating about†¦ † I want a divorce, I want a divorce now! † mum bawled down the stairs. Well I knew that I shared a special bond with my mum, but reading my thoughts, she is positively becoming a mind reader, I thought trying to avoid the topic. It could have just have been intuition. There was a silence in the long empty corridor leading up to the stairs, where I sat fed up and angry with my parents. Looking at the bare gloomy walls which stared at me, as if it was my fault that they ere separating, I thought of all the memories they bore. My childhood, which I shared with my parents, both my parents. A tear came to my eye, which I quickly wiped off my freshly tanned, mocha coloured cheeks. When it comes to emotional stuff, I am quite shy and keep things bottled up, whereas usually I am very open and loud, well so my friends have told me. `I have had enough' I thought to myself. With this thought in mind I gave my best friend, Mia, a call, and not very surprisingly she was just as bored as I was. I did not tell her about what had just happened, but I got the feeling that she knew I as not the perky self I normally am, even if I am bored out of my brain! â€Å"Why don't I bring, Kaz, Neil, AJ and myself around yours, in ten? † â€Å"Sure, but we can meet outside my house near the garage. † I slyly said, so that they do not have any encounters with either of my parents. â€Å"Yeah I'd probably get lost around your yard, with it being so big `n' all† Mia laughed back. â€Å"Right then, see ya in ten, bye† â€Å"Bye† and she hung up. I still clung onto the receiver, hoping she was still there, this was because I was afraid to go upstairs, in case they start talking about custody battles. `What am I thinking? they hate me and they are splitting up for spite. I will then probably end up an orphan, because neither of them will want me! `Shut up Neha! ‘. I realised I was going insane just like my diabolical parents. I kept pacing up and down the hall, waiting for Mia and the others to turn up. Which is when I realised, `the neighbours have gone on holiday and have left the house keys and the car keys for the BMW Z3 to mum'. A light bulb went on in my head. And the only word, which was lit up in my head, was `revenge'. â€Å"What's up Neha? † shouted Mia from across the road, wearing as usual, her long black three-quarter-length trench coat. Nothin' wanna go for a ride? † â€Å"You mean in that! † Neil pointed at the BMW, in excitement, which was parked in the garage, with the garage door raised. â€Å"Why not, got nothin' betta to do† I answered surprised that he even had to question me. â€Å"All get in before my parents suspect anything! † I yelled at Mia and the others, who immediately dashed across the road, past the old and fragile granny who lives at number 49, who inherited her mansion after her millionaire husband died last year. Jinita Batavia Page 2 28/04/2007 Kaz, who was sitting in the passenger seat quickly started up the car y turning the key in the ignition. That was when I got into the drivers' seat, and realised how short the top of my body actually is! I could not see beyond the fence, which was only five metres away from us! We sped away as fast as the `bima' could take us. We drove down the Highstreet. However, as it was a bit of a squeeze with the small sporty Z3 cramming two in the front and three in the back, with Neil being quite big, – not offending him, we cut the jaunt short and decided to cruise down small empty alleys, on the outskirts of the town. â€Å"We can make this place our territory, you know like a gang, or even etta a society like the Free Masons who stay anonymous. † Suggested AJ fidgeting around in the back seat. â€Å"That's a brill idea, but your forgetting something cleva clogs†¦ how do you suggest we actually get here, without any wheels? † said Kaz in a sarcastic tone. I was busy trying to tune the radio, when I heard a cry, `ah, it must be an owl or something' I thought, with it being about ten o'clock it was a good presumption. I finally found the `house and garage' station that I was searching for. â€Å"Turn up the base, I mean we are cruzin' in a bima, so might as well cruise in style Neha, innit Mia. AJ also insisted that we wind down our windows so that we are not only seen but also heard. It had only been a few seconds after I thought I had heard a cry, when I heard squeals. â€Å"Here that people? † â€Å"What babe? † â€Å"Oh, do shut up with that babe crap Neil! † â€Å"Fine hear what? † both AJ and Neil said momentarily. â€Å"I hear it now! † replied Kaz. I jolted the car to a halt and then I quickly opened my door to see what was going on, and to my horror, Kenny was lying in the middle of the road a couple of metres behind the car. He was waving his arms around in the air as if he could not breathe! â€Å"Kenny, Kenny, he's †¦ e's†¦ um†¦ dead! I†¦ I†¦ killed†¦ him† I stuttered, in shock. By now I was shivering, then AJ put his arm around me, to comfort me, or so I thought at that time. He brought me back to the car, where everyone were all shaken up and really stiff, peering through the curved windows in shear horror. They convinced me that we should not wait around, because no one saw and now no one except them, will find out. I felt assured and got back behind the wheel, after Mia , who had been quiet throughout the journey slowly came out with, â€Å"I knew it, I knew that this was going to happen, it was written in the stars. Even though she is my best friend, she does come out with bull sometimes, with all that superstitious nonsense that she believes in! After successfully picking our-selves up and returning back to earth, after such an incident had occurred I thought that I should carry on with my original plan. This was to have a minor knock about with the BMW. So we crashed into a lamppost, head on and dented the brand new spoiler on the front of the car. Then finally after a night of laughter, horror and fulfilment I first dropped off AJ, Kaz, Mia and then Neil home, impressing their neighbours in the process, after returning to my never ending ightmare, my house. I parked the car back where it was and then crept in through the back door. I walked up the stairs slowly, so that the stairs would not creek. I then ended up asleep within a minute of lying on my bed. In the morning, it was raining hard, pounding on the roof, above by bedroom. To this I woke up and turned on my radio. Craig David was on, with his recent debut single. I automatically rose from my bed sheets, grabbed my hairbrush, and started to sing and bop along to Jinita Batavia Page 3 28/04/2007 the beat. I was half way through waving my hands around, pretending I as Craig David at a gig when†¦ â€Å"What is this, Adam you prick, what the fuck have you done to the car? † My dad rushed down the stairs with a piece of toast in his mouth as he tied his robe together with his hands. â€Å"What, what? † dad cried, confused. I was sniggering from the corner of the stairs. The innocent face of my dad with mum hurling accusations at him as if they were tennis balls, was a sight to see! After lunch, with mum having hers in the kitchen and dad, being the couch potato of the house, he was flopped out in front of the television set; we heard a knock at the door. I thought it would probably be Mia, so I scampered to the front door to let her in and inform her about the plan that had been successful. But to my dismay there was a woman standing at the front door who went by the name of `Constable Stevenson. ‘ â€Å"Are your parents in darlin'? † she said in a proud PC kind of voice. `Wanna-be PC' I thought to myself and gave out a snigger. â€Å"It is not a laughing matter, now go call your parents†¦ † `Hold your horses woman she's so†¦ uh! ‘ I thought. After hearing a stem, strong deep voice at the door mum came rushing to see what was going on. â€Å"Can I help you constable? † Can I help you constable? † I mimicked. Luckily, no one heard except dad, who was also now at the door, and he gave me that big-eye look to stop it†¦ or else. â€Å"May I have a look at your car? † â€Å"I have a search warrant hear†. â€Å"Sure† said my mum not realising what she had just said then, â€Å"Hold on, why do you want to see our car? † † Well, there has been a murder in the local area, and it was witnessed to have been a hit and run and they said that there was a red car involved. Moreover, I believe that you have a red car sitting in your garage. † â€Å"Yes, well†¦ † mum, at that point gave dad a guilty look, but dad just ooked confused and walked back down the hall with a mug of tea in his hand to watch some television again. Mum thought to herself for a while and then realised that it would be unlawful to lie and with hold evidence, and also she would not have one of those messy divorces if her husband was behind bars, so she decided to spill. Then, mum went over to the car and bent down to show the PC the dent in the car. At this point, I was having a ball, the only thing that could make this better was a nice big tub of popcorn. â€Å"This looks nasty, and yet quite fresh, when did this happen love? † Mum was hesitant in saying â€Å"Last night, I expect† â€Å"OK so who was driving the car at the time of this incident? † the constable's voice was now developing a tone to it. A nasty tone. â€Å"I'll get the forensic team to take a closer look at this†. In saying this she pulled out a mobile about the size of her ego and started to dial. â€Å"Oh† was all that mum could come out with, after this huge enquiry about the car that was not even theirs. She was probably thinking that it actually was dad who killed the boy, ‘that's great' I thought to myself, not realising the charges or sentences dad could be faced with. After the forensic team arrived, about twenty minutes later they were able to come up with a full report. â€Å"I'm sorry to say, that we found some navy fibres attached to the front bumper and some very distinctive blood stains, which are of a person with blood type O, just like Kenny. † `That was strange, because when we hit Kenny there was not a dent anywhere, what can you say, but the police ain't as good as they make themselves out to be. ‘ Jinita Batavia Page 4 18/03/00 â€Å"I'm afraid you're under arrest. † The PC said relieved that this case was over. And it must have been one of the quickest cases ever! We'll have to take you down to the station; anything you do or say will be held against you later in court. † Those lines were just like the ones you here on television programmes. Ah well, dad would not be confused about that then, unlike everything else, as he watches television twenty-four/seven. Now that that was over, I thought that I should celebrate. `Wow' I thought to myself, I never thought I could put someone, especially my own dad behind bars, maybe I should try it more often! In addition, I also now have an extra room, as well as a mum, so I am safe from an orphanage†¦ for now!

Fire Prevention and the Federal Government Essay

Many government agencies make fire prevention as part of their mission. America has the highest fire death rate is the highest in the world. Fires kill 3,700 and injure over 20,000 people each year. Property loss is about $11 billion per year. The United States Fire Administration (USFA) has helped to reduce fire deaths by half. They have contributed to fire prevention and suppression more than any other government agency. In 1974, Congress established the United States Fire Administration . Their mission is to provide national leadership to local fire and emergency services. It is a division of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). FEMA became part of the Department of Homeland Security on March 1, 2003. Their mission is to â€Å"reduce the loss of life and property and protect the Nation from all hazards, including natural disasters, acts of terrorism, and other man-made disasters† (â€Å"About USFA†, n. d. ). The Department of Homeland Security was formed after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. Their primary mission is to protect the country from terrorism. Since the USFA was created for the sole purpose of the prevention, preparedness, and response to fires and other emergencies, it has contributed the most to the cause. â€Å"America’s fire death rate is one of the highest per capita in the industrialized world† (â€Å"About USFA†, n. d. ). Thus, it is still an improvement since more than twenty years ago. In 1971, 12,000 people and 250 firefighters died as a result of fires. USFA continues to make our communities and society safer today. Reference U. S. Fire Administration. About the U. S. Fire Administration. Retrieved August 3, 2008 from http://www. usfa. dhs. gov.

Stone those rebelious teens essays

Stone those rebelious teens essays Ever wonder what to do with a rebellious teenager? Want some advice right out of the Bible? Try Deuteronomy 21.18-21: If any man has a stubborn and rebellious son who will not obey his father or his mother, and when they chastise him he will not even listen to them, then his father and mother shall seize him and bring him out to the elders at the gateway of his hometown. They shall say to the elders: This son of ours is stubborn and rebellious. He will not obey us. He is a glutton and a drunkard. Then all the men of his city shall stone him to death. So you shall remove the evil from your midst, and all Israel will hear of it and fear." Shocking, isn't it? Maybe not, if you've got a rebellious son. I bet my parents considered it! What do you make of the fact that the Bible recommends death by stoning as punishment for something minor like rebellion against parents? Don't all young people rebel against their parents? Isn't this a good example of how ancient and uninformed Bible culture fails to measure up to a more enlightened age like our own? Fact is, this is just one example of many Bible passages that are scandalous to people today. Many of us recoil in horror at the way the Hebrews slaughtered the Canaanites young and old, women and children during the conquest of the "Promised Land." Even many fundamentalists blush when Paul says women "will be preserved through child bearing." Many new Christians stumble over passages like these. Some Christians use them as an excuse to ignore other, very plain parts of the Scripture that require us to live worthy lives in humility before our Creator. Even Christians who believe the Bible is literally true are anxious to find some way to explain why they haven't stoned any rebellious teenagers to death lately or why they don't require women to cover their heads when they worship. How do we make sense of Bible passages that shock our sensibilities and stil...

Generating Unique Random Numbers Using Java

Generating Unique Random Numbers Using Java When you generate random numbers its often the case that each generated number number must be unique. A good example is picking lottery numbers. Each number picked randomly from a range (e.g., 1 to 40) must be unique, otherwise, the lottery draw would be invalid. Using a Collection The easiest way to pick unique random numbers is to put the range of numbers into a collection called an ArrayList. If youve not come across an ArrayList before, its a way of storing a set of elements that dont have a fixed number. The elements are objects that can be added to or removed from the list. For example, lets make the lottery number picker. It needs to pick unique numbers from a range of 1 to 40. First, put the numbers into an ArrayList using the add() method. It takes the object to be added as a parameter: import java.util.ArrayList;public class Lottery { public static void main(String[] args) { //define ArrayList to hold Integer objects ArrayList numbers new ArrayList(); for(int i 0; i 40; i) { numbers.add(i1); } System.out.println(numbers); }} Note that we are using the Integer wrapper class for the element type so that the ArrayList contains objects and not primitive data types. The output shows the range of numbers from 1 to 40 in order: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40] Using the Collections Class A utility class called Collections offers different actions that can be performed on a collection like an ArrayList (e.g., search the elements, find the maximum or minimum element, reverse the order of elements, and so on). One of the actions it can perform is to shuffle the elements. The shuffle will randomly move each element to a different position in the list. It does this by using a Random object. This means its a deterministic randomness, but it will do in most situations. To shuffle the ArrayList, add the Collections import to the top of the program and then use the Shuffle static method. It takes the ArrayList to be shuffled as a parameter: import java.util.Collections;import java.util.ArrayList;public class Lottery {public static void main(String[] args) {//define ArrayList to hold Integer objectsArrayList numbers new ArrayList();for(int i 0; i 40; i){numbers.add(i1);}Collections.shuffle(numbers);System.out.println(numbers);}} Now the output will show the elements in the ArrayList in a random order: [24, 30, 20, 15, 25, 1, 8, 7, 37, 16, 21, 2, 12, 22, 34, 33, 14, 38, 39, 18, 36, 28, 17, 4, 32, 13, 40, 35, 6, 5, 11, 31, 26, 27, 23, 29, 19, 10, 3, 9] Picking the Unique Numbers To pick the unique random numbers simply read the ArrayList elements one by one by using the get() method. It takes the position of the element in the ArrayList as a parameter. For example, if the lottery program needs to pick six numbers from the range of 1 to 40: import java.util.Collections;import java.util.ArrayList;public class Lottery {public static void main(String[] args) {//define ArrayList to hold Integer objectsArrayList numbers new ArrayList();for(int i 0; i 40; i){numbers.add(i1);}Collections.shuffle(numbers);System.out.print(This weeks lottery numbers are: );for(int j 0; j 6; j){System.out.print(numbers.get(j) );}}} The output being: This weeks lottery numbers are: 6 38 7 36 1 18

Businesses are not Behaving Ethically Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Businesses are not Behaving Ethically - Essay Example Also, if a company follows ethical practices in its operations it is able to gain customer loyalty. And it is not necessary that to be ethical a company incurs more costs than one that doesn't. It's a win-win situation for ethical companies (Rupal). There may be numerous reasons for businesses to be considered as acting unethically. Actions used to cut down costs, access more resources, raise their profit earnings, or simply to enter into a new market could be taken in an unethical manner. The prime example could be of Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart has captured the U.S. market for retailers. But in its search for cheaper products to beat out its competition with, it offers its laborers in developing countries with barely subsistence wages due to which laborers put in hundreds of man-hours yet still earn an income which could barely support them (Nassar). Their entrance into foreign markets bring business to that country but the conditions of the people living there do not improve as they are still below their poverty line and there is no rise in their gdp/capita. To provide their consumers with the cheapest products in the market Wal-Mart is abusing its workers and providing them with miserable working conditions. A similar sweatshop case was witnessed when people found out that the "lovable" Disney franchise was using laborers working in miserable conditions to manufacture the products which helped sustain the multi-billion dollar industry that relied on Disney products such as their clothing line and the other products sold at their theme parks. In our immediate present we can see how Lehman Bros. helped cause the economic collapse which sent tremors all over the world. By giving mortgages to people who could not afford them they created the sudden defaults which would later cause a chain reaction which would not only affect the U.S. but the entire world. Whole economies collapsed and the tax payer's money was diverted towards the protection of these banks rather than on any infrastructural projects for which they should have been spent. Immense unemployment arose worldwide, countries had trouble importing items since they did not have sufficient funds, defaults in payments for national debts, and fall in investments were observed. This whole incident single handedly brought down the GDP of many European nations as well as the U.S. The state of our national healthcare system is ample proof that businesses on a whole are unethical if given the choice and freedom to be. Given the slightest laxness from the government and the assurance of no action to be taken on them on legal grounds corporations begin to adapt behaviors which are unethical. Why Act Unethically Most businesses act unethically when they know that their actions would result in no consequences to harm them. If they had the fear that they would be persecuted or that they might face negative opinions in the market then they would not resort to unethical means to jump ahead of their competition. This could probably be a reason why unethical practices are observed more in developing countries where the government regulations are weak and corruption

Past, Present, and Future Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Past, Present, and Future Paper - Essay Example It was a confusing situation at times. I knew that education and learning was important, but at the same time I really didn’t see how it related to real life. When I enrolled at the University of Phoenix, I felt that I had good basic communication skills. I was able to read and write well. I could comprehend complex texts and I could convey information that I learned clearly to others. I did know that I writing I struggled with spelling and grammar. This problem has plagued me for my whole life. In some ways I have always felt as though it wasn’t a big deal. I could always figure something out if I really needed to. I also felt that I was dependable and could work well with people on a team. In a way, I guess I entered the program feeling as though I had some weaknesses academically, but that they could be overcome. I was able to function fully in my job in the Human Resources department and felt competent in my professional life. Entering the program, my career goals w ere to obtain a more senior position within my current employment. I wanted to work my way up and be a specialist within the Human Resources department. I realized that I needed a proper degree to do this. I also began to watch how the senior members of my department communicated and worked with one another. I realized that there were some skills that I was lacking in addition to a degree. I could see that when I compared my current ability to communicate to their ability to communicate, I was found lacking. I resolved that I would gain the skills necessary to feel comfortable and confident when working with these senior members of the Human Resources department. I felt that if I could feel comfortable working with them, then I would be in a position to one-day hold a senior position as a Human Resources Specialist myself. When I began working on the Bachelors of Science in Management (BSM) degree at the University of Phoenix, it became clear that I was not nearly as prepared taking these classes as I thought. I discovered that my spelling and grammar that I knew was a weakness turned out to be much weaker than I thought. I found that just muddling through was not good enough any more so I grew determined to really improve my weaknesses so they could actually become strengths. I found the high level of expectations that was set for clear writing and concise communication to be challenging but helpful in my goal to improve. The feedback I received from professors and other students was very helpful. Collaborating with other students was a part of the course study that I really enjoyed and was actually where I learned the most about writing. I have always enjoyed working in a team atmosphere and felt that I could do it well. What I found at the University of Phoenix was that I actually got better at using collaboration as a tool for learning. I began to see how I could use the feedback from my peers to really improve a paper or to develop a new perspective on a problem that needed to be solved. Through this collaborative process, I feel that my abilities in information retrieval, communication, writing and oral communication skills have greatly improved. I feel that there are three specific classes that really helped me to improve in these areas. The first of these classes was my Skills For Professional Development class. I call this my wake-up call class, because it was in this class that I

The report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The report - Essay Example The company has grown extensively over the past few decades and opened thousands of stores across America, China, and other countries across the globe. The retail business in US has undergone rapid transformation since the emergence and growth of Wal-Mart culture. The Wal-Mart business model is being widely adapted and implemented by most competitive agencies owing to its successful operations and increasing revenues. The Wal-Mart has emerged as a popular brand name among the consumers looking for competitive rates and a comfortable shopping experience. The success of the business model adopted by Sam Walton is attributed to a deeper understanding of consumer behaviour and consumer psychology that plays actively while making a purchase decision. â€Å"The secret of successful retailing is to give your customers what they want. And really if you think about it from your point of view as a customer, you want everything: a wide assortment of good quality merchandise; the lowest possible prices; guaranteed satisfaction with what you buy; friendly, knowledgeable service; convenient hours; free parking; a pleasant shopping experience† (Walton, 1992). Wal-Mart procures goods from suppliers at low cost that translates to low pricing offered to the consumers. The incredibly low prices offered by the stores attract increased number of consumers to Wal-Mart and this is a major factor behind the success of Wal-Mart. The customers at Wal-Mart are offered with a wide variety of products at comparatively low rates that accounts for a conve nient shopping experience under a single roof. Technology has equipped the workforce with speed and accuracy that has enhanced overall productivity and efficiency within any organization. Innovation is the key to success in most business enterprises and it is evident in the way Wal-Mart has leveraged the use of innovative technology to gain cost advantage in their retail operations. The use of bar code technology has helped the

Impact of Demand and Supply Forces in the Market

Impact of Demand and Supply Forces in the Market In general, equilibrium market price is determined by where quantity demanded meets quantity supplied. This holds true for the property market in the UK, where prices are being driven by large demand for housing and an almost fixed supply of property. This larger demand of housing over existing supply has been the main factor driving UK property prices up in the last 10 years. However, these increased prices cannot last forever, the market (through changes in supply and demand, as well as government intervention) will find a new equilibrium due to factors that will bring demand down again. According to demand and supply theory, for a downward sloping demand curve, as price increases, quantity demanded moves leftward along the demand curve, resulting in a lower quantity demanded. On the other hand, in an upward sloped supply curve, as price increases, then quantity supplied moves rightwards along the supply curve for a higher quantity supplied. In the case of the UK housing market, let’s suppose we had a downward sloping demand and upward sloping supply, which intersected at P0 and Q0. About 10 years ago, the UK economy was starting its upwards growth cycle. This gave people more money which they could freely spend on purchasing property, increasing demand for housing. This increased demand caused the demand curve for property to shift outwards from D0 to D1. With this increase in demand, and the same supply curve S0, prices would have increased from P0 to P1 and quantity demanded and supplied would have increased from Q0 to Q1. However, this increase in demand which caused higher prices would also affect supply, so more builders and developers would want to construct housing in order to fulfil this growing demand. Yet, this increase in supply is always smaller than the increase in demand because of resource constraints—where will you actually build new housing and the time it takes to build such once you have found a place to do so and also because the builders know that others will be building too and so the increased price will not be as high as they initially saw. In the end, the total increase in supply is smaller than the increase in demand. This increase in supply (which takes a bit longer to be reflected in the market than the increase in demand) would imply an outwards shift of the supply curve from S0 to S1. This in itself would then reduce prices from P1 to P2 and increase quantity even more from Q1 to Q2. Since the increase in supply is not enough to offset the increase in demand, the cycl e begins again with another outward shift in demand, since those demanding Q2 at the lower price P2 are willing to pay up to P3, driving demand out again and helping the boom in housing prices. In reality, this increased demand and supply is continuously occurring and the process cannot be explained by the diagrams above. Some believe that part of the real reason why prices are so high right now is because people are buying based on how prices have been behaving and are not arbitraging: instead of correcting each others mispricing, they reinforce it. (Farlow 2004) However, in the future, demand for housing could become lower than supply, which would mean that prices would go down. Given the high prices to date, more developers are building new housing which would imply that supply is increasing. If this continues or even grows, then supply could at one point exceed demand, driving prices downwards. This is unlikely, as when builders are making decisions as to whether or not create new homes they factor in the supply of housing being built by their competitors, which sometimes causes the overall growth in supply to be lower than what some expected. Another factor that could influence a price crash is an economic recession, whereby many people are laid off and their disposable income is reduced. Were this to happen, then demand for property would decline, and again, prices would have to reduce to accommodate the lower demand. A third factor that could influence is if the government increased interest rates dramatically. In this case, the increas e in interest rates would result in two main issues: reducing consumer spending, which would include buying property, in favour of saving money, as savings rates would increase, and secondly, a reduction of people wanting to borrow money for properties, as mortgages would go up. This two-way reduction would also reduce demand for property, with a result of a reduction in property prices. As we have seen above, demand and supply forces can be used to explain how it is possible to get such a continued increase in the prices of UK housing over the last 10 years, beginning with a strengthening of the economy which injected cash into the market. This led to increased demand for housing which was not offset by identical increase in supply, which combined with continued economic growth and low interest rates just continued putting upward pressure on demand for housing and thus increasing prices. There have been many recent articles wondering when this upwards spiral will end but it is difficult to predict. The Bank of England has been trying to intervene by increasing interest rates in the last few months with yet another increase predicted in the near future, but this is not reflecting in a reduction for housing demand. A big factor that could help reduce property prices is a reduction in the overall economy, as occurred in the 1980s, when unemployment hit certain areas an d many were left with little income for buying homes. This, however, does not seem likely, given the pressure to maintain the economic boom. However, there will come a point when the majority of people will be unable to afford any housing due to its continuous price increases, driving demand for housing down. REFERENCES Farlow, A., 2004, â€Å"Part two: The UK Housing Market: Bubbles and Buyers†, Credit Suisse First Boston. Lipsey, R.G. and K.A. Chrystal, 1999, Principles of Economics, 9th edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Memorable Day Essay -- Personal Narrative Tourism Traveling Essays

Memorable Day Drip, drop, drip, drop; it’s the sound of light rain on the window of my small, cramped hotel room in New York City. I pray that the sound will just drift away to nothingness and bring back the heavy sounds of the city. I wait patiently in the early morning darkness, which the rain has brought to my window waiting for some kind of sign of a hot New York day. Of all the days to rain, why did it have to be this day? The one full day I have to spend in New York and get to know the city. The plans of walking, sightseeing, and browsing the many stores have come to an end due to the loud sounds of big fat rain drops hitting the pavement. The rain, which only moments before was small with a promise of stopping soon, was now coming down hard and fast, drenching everything in its path. As my husband and I walk towards the entrance of the hotel, all we saw was a wave of umbrellas blocking out the site of the streets, but leaving an intricate pattern of color in its place. After purchasing a couple of umbrellas, Todd and I decided to try and brave the rain and continue our plans to tour the big Apple, but one step outside of the hotel had us hailing a cab and heading off to do what most people do on a rainy day. Todd and I asked the cab driver to head over to the Metropolitan Museum. Now, everyone goes to a museum once or twice every few months, because people can’t seem to get enough of old dinosaur’s bones and other naturalistic pieces behind plated glass. I have been told by many that a typical museum visit is fine, but a visit to the Metropolitan is a site to behold. After being dropped off in front of an old classic building I knew in that moment that the rain gave me a precious gift. After all, when it c... ...ll say there are some very unusual paintings we saw at the Met. I sometimes wonder what an artist is seeing when they are painting. Our day had to come to an end because there are only so many hours in a day. As my husband and I step out of history and back into reality we see that the rain has subsided just long enough to begin a nice stroll through central park. As my husband and I begin walking back to our hotel we start to share what parts of the museum we liked the best. The exhibit we liked the best was the medieval time period, because there is just so much interesting history behind this period. I can’t believe it has been almost a year since that trip to New York, but I can still remember my experiences at the Metropolitan Museum. I was able for just one day to travel from time period to time period viewing wonderful pieces from all over the world. Memorable Day Essay -- Personal Narrative Tourism Traveling Essays Memorable Day Drip, drop, drip, drop; it’s the sound of light rain on the window of my small, cramped hotel room in New York City. I pray that the sound will just drift away to nothingness and bring back the heavy sounds of the city. I wait patiently in the early morning darkness, which the rain has brought to my window waiting for some kind of sign of a hot New York day. Of all the days to rain, why did it have to be this day? The one full day I have to spend in New York and get to know the city. The plans of walking, sightseeing, and browsing the many stores have come to an end due to the loud sounds of big fat rain drops hitting the pavement. The rain, which only moments before was small with a promise of stopping soon, was now coming down hard and fast, drenching everything in its path. As my husband and I walk towards the entrance of the hotel, all we saw was a wave of umbrellas blocking out the site of the streets, but leaving an intricate pattern of color in its place. After purchasing a couple of umbrellas, Todd and I decided to try and brave the rain and continue our plans to tour the big Apple, but one step outside of the hotel had us hailing a cab and heading off to do what most people do on a rainy day. Todd and I asked the cab driver to head over to the Metropolitan Museum. Now, everyone goes to a museum once or twice every few months, because people can’t seem to get enough of old dinosaur’s bones and other naturalistic pieces behind plated glass. I have been told by many that a typical museum visit is fine, but a visit to the Metropolitan is a site to behold. After being dropped off in front of an old classic building I knew in that moment that the rain gave me a precious gift. After all, when it c... ...ll say there are some very unusual paintings we saw at the Met. I sometimes wonder what an artist is seeing when they are painting. Our day had to come to an end because there are only so many hours in a day. As my husband and I step out of history and back into reality we see that the rain has subsided just long enough to begin a nice stroll through central park. As my husband and I begin walking back to our hotel we start to share what parts of the museum we liked the best. The exhibit we liked the best was the medieval time period, because there is just so much interesting history behind this period. I can’t believe it has been almost a year since that trip to New York, but I can still remember my experiences at the Metropolitan Museum. I was able for just one day to travel from time period to time period viewing wonderful pieces from all over the world.

Bias: A CBS Insider Exposes How the Media Distort the News Essay

The nonfiction book of Bernard Richard Goldberg entitled â€Å"Bias: A CBS Insider Exposes How the Media Distort the News† is phenomenal and controversial. Goldberg boldly and bravely mentioned celebrity news man and reporters who actively participate in the idea of media bias. His book generally states the slanted or one-sided nature of the news coverage. The book will give the readers ideas and evidences on how integrity, fairness, and balance disappeared from news reporting. Hence, this paper attempts to give the readers a glimpse about Goldberg’s perceptions of the how the news is being formulated nowadays. It intends to discuss some of the evidences backed up with Goldberg’s opinion about news formulation in America particularly in the CBS News. This paper also aims to provide personal feedback and evaluations about Goldberg’s charges of media bias and present ideas about journalism today. Veteran CBS reporter, Bernard Richard Goldberg in his book â€Å"Bias: A CBS Insider Exposes How the Media Distort the News† exposed how media bias prevails in America’s media. The title itself gives the readers an idea about its content. The book clearly walks them through from the author’s experiences in the world of journalism. He delivered an array of criticisms against major broadcasting networks and news reporters. He mentioned his perceptions about his colleagues’ biases in presenting news. Goldberg showed how news organizations and his colleagues working as ‘journalists’ operate behind the cameras. Any reader will agree that the extreme bitterness of Goldberg towards his colleagues before was very evident and transparent in the book. The book presents facts and evidences about the idea of the media being leftist. Chapter 5 is a good example on how reporters used media for political persuasion. Goldberg supported this idea through evidence. In 1980, Goldberg started noticing that the homeless people in America showed on the news â€Å"didn’t look very much like the homeless people† (Goldberg 63). The ones he saw on the sidewalks at large were drug addicts or winos who mumbled crazy things, but the ones that journalists showed on television were different. â€Å"They looked as if they came from their neighborhood and mine. They looked like us† (Goldberg 63). The quantity of homeless people being depicted in the media will somehow tell the leader’s capability to lessen poverty. During that time, the elected president was Bill Clinton. Goldberg clearly said that media illustrated Bill Clinton as a perfect humanitarian. Homeless people have a better situation than before, or better yet, the problem of homelessness was solved. According to Goldberg, this was about not wanting to show certain Americans at all. Monumental stories of how Americans live their lives are not nearly monumental to some TV journalists. Goldberg criticized that journalists delighted so much on news and stories like Princess Diana, Fidel Castro’s communist dictatorship, and Jon Benet Ramsey but failed to focus on more important issues for American people that need to be addressed. The TV news influenced the viewers that the most important and significant story of contemporary times was Princess Di because it inspired and illuminated the people, but how about the more important realities which need to be solved? Goldberg presented wordy references of how media always ignore more relevant information. An example of the presented evidences was that â€Å"more and more mothers have opted for work outside of the house over taking care of their children at home and the results have been disastrous† (Goldberg 164). However, serious stories like this were not given serious coverage. The increasing number of sexual abuse in America, the increasing number of premarital sex of children below 15 years old, the effects of divorce and absence of American mothers at home were some of the important stories that were not accentuated in media. Identity politics, according to Goldberg, was very eminent. In his book, Goldberg gave an example: â€Å"During the Clinton impeachment trial in 1999, as the senators signed their names in the oath book swearing they would be fair and impartial, Jennings, who was anchoring ABC News’s live coverage, made sure his audience knew which senators were conservatives but uttered not a word about which ones were liberal† (Goldberg 57). This was a cold fact given which proves that conservatives and liberals in politics are treated in an obviously different manner by the news media. The book also informs the readers how media selects news and how they present it according to their own stand to attract attention. One prominent example is the way AIDS in the U. S. was depicted as an epidemic to â€Å"spark demand for massive government AIDS spending. † Since Goldberg has been in the news reporting field for a long time, readers can easily assume the credibility of the book. Most of the facts presented were even based on his personal experience in the business. His perceptions are backed up with statistics and evidences which will give the readers’ impression that he knows what he is talking about. His bravery to name names would make him gain heroic impression. Personally, however, I found weaknesses in the book. I agree with the idea that reporters mentioned by Goldberg tend to slant the news to cater to their own preference—the standard of most viewers or the pro government. However, I am skeptic about whether the presented evidences given by Goldberg are enough to coin them media biases. It may be safe to conclude that Goldberg’s colleagues provided some favorable information and concealed unfavorable information to the news viewers. Goldberg observed that reporters choose to cover certain events only, but did he not consider that events are infinite in number which means space and time are necessarily limited? Reporters make their judgments in choosing events to cover which they think are newsworthy. Personally, that is not enough to label them as bias in general. I strongly believe that there is media bias as Goldberg wanted to depict, but the presented evidences were not just enough. I wish he went beyond that. Another weakness I found in the book is that Goldberg used political and technical terms like liberal bias, liberal hate speech, and conservatives to name a few. He failed to define them according to its context. Defining those terms will give the readers an idea what he was talking about. It may be easy to conclude that his target readers are those people working in the same business. Thus, those ordinary people who seek the truth can just define those terms in their own context and reality. As a result, they may misinterpret the message. Goldberg also failed to mention what factors made the media elite to be bias in presenting and choosing news. Was it because of their educational background? What kind of orientation and realities do they have that affect their preferences in judging what is newsworthy? Was it because of laziness, or was it because they unintentionally conform to the standard of the majority? It is natural for a reader to assume that Goldberg can actually answer these questions since they became his colleagues. I wanted to commend Goldberg’s idea about the homeless story. I find it weak. The readers may ask themselves whether homelessness during Bill Clinton’s administration remained stagnant. If only Goldberg provided information on the succeeding 0% of homelessness during Clinton’s era, it might truly create a stronger impact. However, in reading the book based on Goldberg evidences, I came up with the conclusion that the media abused their power to give information according to their own preference and standard. The problem is that they are not aware of it. They think that what they are doing is right. His book is good though in suggesting the news they are feeding the public are filtered and manufactured either intentionally or unintentionally. News must be presented accurately and completely, then let the public judge its context. The problem with journalists is that they tend to go beyond their job. I do not want to think that men and women entered journalism because they want to make a difference. Although that is good, the problem is they may just report certain news motivated by their own idealism and preference. For example, highlighting inspiring stories that may, in their own idea, inspire people and make a difference. Media must be very careful in giving the right and accurate information. Viewers of news want accurate information. They dislike slanted information because it will be costly in time, money, and effort to seek the truth. Despite its weaknesses, the book has motivated me to go and seek beyond the box. It cannot be ignored that Goldberg presented facts in his charges and accusations. The book provides one assurance: one cannot expect perfect accuracy and balance of information even from competitive and â€Å"credible† media.

My Different Kinds of Friends

I have formed many friendships in life. Each friend, however, is different. Some are closer than others. Some are more important to keep than others. There are friends made out of necessity and some formed as if by fate. Friends, certainly, are of various kinds. I have one best friend. We share many similarities in character and preferences. We have been through a lot since we first met. The best friend is someone whom you think you could trade personalities with. He is someone whom you could share your secrets, dreams and problems.He will accept you for both your good and bad traits and could be depended on in both happy and sad times. The other type of friend I have made is the group-friend. The clique is a group of people whom you go in a group with. I am part of one in school and another in the neighborhood. When I start working in a company, I know I will be part of another. Although the closeness is less than that of the best friend, belonging to a clique means having a group t o hang out with, play games with, and sympathize with each other’s life stories.Then, there are the friends I keep in close contact with but am not really close enough to confide in. I keep a good relationship with them because I see them regularly. They are schoolmates, sons and daughters of my parents, neighbors, and other people whom I interact with in a regular basis. Finally, there are the friends whom I make at various stages in my life but whom I lost contact with through the years. For instance, childhood friends who went to different schools or have already moved to other places.I keep in contact with some of them through email and sometimes I see them but a long distance friendship is different to having a regular friend around. Friends change every year or so. Even a best friend can become a mere acquaintance later on in life. There are no permanent friends unless one takes the extra effort. Friends are important to have in life, however, in that they are like life -saving crafts. We need them during fun times, but we need them more during the low moments of life.